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Git is an of import role of daily programming (peculiarly if you lot're working with a squad) and is widely used in the software industry.
Since in that location are many diverse commands you tin use, mastering Git takes time. But some commands are used more frequently (some daily). So in this mail, I volition share and explicate the 10 most used Git commands that every developer should know.
Note: To empathise this commodity, you demand to know the basics of Git.
1. Git clone
Git clone is a command for downloading existing source code from a remote repository (like Github, for instance). In other words, Git clone basically makes an identical copy of the latest version of a project in a repository and saves it to your computer.
There are a couple of ways to download the source code, only mostly I adopt the clone with https manner:
git clone <https://name-of-the-repository-link> For instance, if we want to download a project from Github, all we need to do is click on the light-green push (clone or download), copy the URL in the box and paste it later the git clone control that I've shown right above.
This volition make a copy of the project to your local workspace so you lot can offset working with it.
2. Git co-operative
Branches are highly important in the git world. By using branches, several developers are able to work in parallel on the same project simultaneously. We tin use the git co-operative command for creating, list and deleting branches.
Creating a new co-operative:
git branch <branch-name> This control volition create a co-operative locally. To push the new branch into the remote repository, yous need to use the following command:
git push -u <remote> <branch-name> Viewing branches:
git co-operative or git branch --list Deleting a branch:
git co-operative -d <branch-proper name> three. Git checkout
This is likewise one of the nigh used Git commands. To work in a branch, offset you demand to switch to it. We use git checkout generally for switching from i branch to another. We can likewise use it for checking out files and commits.
git checkout <proper name-of-your-co-operative> In that location are some steps you need to follow for successfully switching between branches:
- The changes in your current branch must be committed or stashed before you switch
- The co-operative yous desire to cheque out should be in your local
There is also a shortcut command that allows you to create and switch to a co-operative at the same fourth dimension:
git checkout -b <name-of-your-branch> This command creates a new co-operative in your local (-b stands for branch) and checks the branch out to new correct after it has been created.
4. Git status
The Git condition command gives us all the necessary information about the current co-operative.
git status Nosotros tin can gather data like:
- Whether the current co-operative is up to date
- Whether at that place is anything to commit, button or pull
- Whether there are files staged, unstaged or untracked
- Whether in that location are files created, modified or deleted
v. Git add
When we create, change or delete a file, these changes will happen in our local and won't be included in the side by side commit (unless we change the configurations).
We demand to use the git add command to include the changes of a file(due south) into our adjacent commit.
To add a single file:
git add <file> To add everything at one time:
git add -A When you visit the screenshot above in the 4th department, yous volition see that there are file names that are red - this means that they're unstaged files. The unstaged files won't be included in your commits.
To include them, we need to apply git add:
Of import: The git add together command doesn't alter the repository and the changes are not saved until we use git commit.
6. Git commit
This is perhaps the most-used command of Git. Once we reach a certain point in development, nosotros want to salvage our changes (maybe after a specific task or outcome).
Git commit is similar setting a checkpoint in the development process which y'all can get back to later if needed.
We besides need to write a curt message to explain what we have developed or changed in the source code.
git commit -grand "commit bulletin" Important: Git commit saves your changes only locally.
vii. Git push
Afterwards committing your changes, the side by side thing you want to practise is ship your changes to the remote server. Git push uploads your commits to the remote repository.
git push <remote> <branch-name> Nonetheless, if your co-operative is newly created, and then you also need to upload the branch with the following command:
git button --ready-upstream <remote> <name-of-your-branch> or
git push -u origin <branch_name> Of import: Git push button only uploads changes that are committed.
viii. Git pull
The git pull control is used to get updates from the remote repo. This command is a combination of git fetch and git merge which ways that, when we use git pull, information technology gets the updates from remote repository (git fetch) and immediately applies the latest changes in your local (git merge).
git pull <remote> This operation may cause conflicts that you need to solve manually.
ix. Git revert
Sometimes we need to undo the changes that we've made. There are diverse ways to undo our changes locally or remotely (depends on what we need), but nosotros must carefully use these commands to avoid unwanted deletions.
A safer mode that we tin undo our commits is by using git revert. To see our commit history, offset we need to utilise git log -- oneline:
Then nosotros merely need to specify the hash lawmaking next to our commit that we would like to undo:
git revert 3321844 Subsequently this, you volition come across a screen like below - merely press shift + q to get out:
The Git revert control will undo the given commit, but will create a new commit without deleting the older i:
The advantage of using git revert is that information technology doesn't touch the commit history. This ways that yous tin can however come across all of the commits in your history, even the reverted ones.
Some other condom measure hither is that everything happens in our local system unless nosotros push them to the remote repo. That's why git revert is safer to use and is the preferred way to undo our commits.
x. Git merge
When you've completed development in your branch and everything works fine, the final footstep is merging the branch with the parent co-operative (dev or master). This is done with the git merge command.
Git merge basically integrates your feature branch with all of its commits back to the dev (or primary) branch. It'due south important to remember that you lot first need to exist on the specific co-operative that you want to merge with your feature branch.
For case, when you desire to merge your characteristic co-operative into the dev branch:
First you lot should switch to the dev branch:
git checkout dev Earlier merging, you should update your local dev branch:
git fetch Finally, you can merge your feature branch into dev:
git merge <branch-name> Hint: Brand sure your dev branch has the latest version before yous merge your branches, otherwise you may face conflicts or other unwanted bug.
So these are my 10 most-used git commands that I come across in my daily programming. There are many more things to learn most Git and I will explain them afterwards in separate articles.
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Thank you for reading!
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